Järnkors malteserkors
The Maltese cross is a cross symbol , consisting of four " V " or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which developed from earlier forms of eight-pointed crosses in the 16th century. Although chiefly associated with the Knights Hospitaller Order of St.
John, now the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , and by extension with the island of Malta , it has come to be used by a wide array of entities since the early modern period , notably the Order of Saint Stephen , the city of Amalfi , the Polish Order of the White Eagle , the Prussian order Pour le Mérite , and the Bavarian Military Merit Order The Knights Hospitaller during the Crusades used a plain Latin cross.
Occasional use of the modern form straight-edged "eight-pointed cross" by the order begins in the early 16th century. This early form is a cross moline ancrée or cross branchée ending in eight points, not yet featuring the sharp vertex of the modern design.
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The association of the eight-pointed cross with the southern Italy coastal town of Amalfi may go back to the 11th century, as the design is allegedly found on coins minted by the Duchy of Amalfi at that time. Eight-pointed crosses appear on coins minted by the Grand Masters of the order, first shown as a bolsini-type cross embroidered on the left arm of the robe of the kneeling Grand Master on the obverse of a coin minted under Foulques de Villaret r.
Emergence of the sharp vertex of the modern "four-arrowhead" design is gradual, and takes place during the 15th to 16th century. The "Rhodian cross" of the early 16th century had almost, but not quite, achieved the "sharp arrowhead appearance".
malteserkors
The fully modern design is found on a copper coin dated , minted by Grand Master Jean Parisot de Valette r. The design appears again on coins minted in the late 17th to 18th centuries. It is shown on a copper coin dated , minted under Grand Master Adrien de Wignacourt. Its depiction on the facade of San Giovannino dei Cavalieri dates to The Maltese cross as defined by the constitution of the Order of St.
The eight points of the eight-pointed cross have been given a number of symbolic interpretations, such as representing the eight Langues of the Knights Hospitaller Auvergne, Provence, France, Aragon, Castille and Portugal, Italy, Germany, and the British Isles. The Maltese cross is displayed as part of the Maltese civil ensign , the Maltese naval jack and presidential standard has a Maltese cross in each corner.
The Maltese euro coins of 1- and 2-euro denomination carry the Maltese cross.
Järnkorsets historia-maltesiska korset: Adam Faliq
The Maltese cross was depicted on the two- mils coin in of the Maltese lira in , and on the reverse of one- and two- Euro coins introduced in January In , laboratory tests, and flight tests at Fort Rucker and Fort Wolters , were conducted to determine the most highly visible and effective way to mark a helipad. Twenty-five emblem designs were tested, but the emblem depicting four blurred rotor blades, referred to as the "Maltese cross", was selected as the standard heliport marking pattern by the Army for military heliports, and by the FAA for civil heliports.
However, in the late s, the FAA administrator repealed this standard when it was charged that the Maltese cross was antisemitic. The eight-pointed cross is also used to identify the final approach fix on FAA published approach plates.
Malteserkors – Wikipedia
This is used on both precision and non-precision approaches. Several orders that are descended from the original Order of St John set up first aid and ambulance services. These also incorporated the Maltese cross into their logos:. On the National Rail network, tickets marked with a Maltese cross are valid for travel on London Underground , Docklands Light Railway and Thameslink between two London Terminals, allowing passengers to make journeys that cross London.
Passengers can break their journey at any intermediate station but cannot then resume their journey by Tube, DLR or Thameslink using their cross-London ticket. Passengers holding tickets to a London fare zone marked with a Maltese cross can make one journey from the London Terminal at which they arrived to the zone in question. The "Maltese cross flower" Lychnis chalcedonica is so named because its petals are similarly shaped, though its points are more rounded into " heart "-like shapes.
The flower Tripterocalyx crux-maltae was also named for the Maltese cross. Eight-pointed crosses were adopted for use by the French Order of Saint Lazarus in the midth century. The use of the green eight-pointed cross by the Order was retained right through to the 19th century and after the secular organization of the Order after It has been the official badge combined with an ellipsoid in the center of the Delta Phi fraternity since A similar cross is also used by the Veterans of Foreign Wars organization.